Thomson concluded that the glowing particles were not simply light, but had mass because they were deflected in opposite directions by an electrical field. He noticed that the tube gave off a green glow as cathode rays hit the opposite electrode. Thomson entered a modified Crookes tube into an electrical field. Thomson discovered that an atom consists of a heavy and dense core, known as the nucleus, which is orbited by much lighter particles: protons and electrons. In a world-shattering discovery, English physicist J.J Thomson disproved the idea that atoms are indivisible. Charcoal, graphite, and diamond have many differences in properties from one another despite having similar structures which suggest there may exist an underlying explanation as to why this happens. Finally, allotropes are a poorly explained phenomenon that cannot be accounted for by Dalton's theory. ![]() For example, chlorine has two isotopes: one at mass number 35 and another at 37. Isotopes are atoms with different masses, which goes against Dalton's original theory.
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